Bronchiectasis: A Correct Diagnosis Needed for Proper Management

In about half of the cases of bronchiectasis, the etiology is unproven. However there are a number of causes that merit attention. Diffuse bronchiectasis may be due to post-infectious, immunodeficiency and congenital causes. Bacteria (pertussis), virus (adenovirus, measles) and fungi (Aspergillusfumigatus, Histoplasmacapsulatum) are post-infectious causes. Tuberculosis is an important etiology especially in developing countries. Cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia are two main congenital condition associated with bronchiectasis. Individuals with humoral deficiencies of IgG, IgM and IgG are at risk for recurrent sinusitis and bronchiectasis. Foreign body aspirations and benign tumours (fibroma, lipoma) are causes of focal bronchiectasis.